Aldebaran

I chose this star because it is the brightest star in the constellation Tauras (it is one of the bulls eyes), and it's the thirteenth brightest in the sky. In Arabic, its name means "the follower" because it seems to follow the stars in the Pleiades. Also, it is 40 times bigger than the sun but way cooler (under 4000 Kelvin).

Star: Aldebaran

Chemical makeup: carbon, oxygen, nitrogen

Location in space: Right ascension- 4 hr 35 min 55.2 sec
Declination- +16 degrees 30' 33.5"
65.1 light years from Sun

Spectrum analysis of most abundant chemical (carbon): 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon

Stellar classification: K5III giant orange star

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldebaran

Sources: 
100,000 Stars. (n.d.). Retrieved September 26, 2015, from http://stars.chromeexperiments.com/
Internet STELLAR DATABASE. (n.d.). Retrieved September 27, 2015, from http://www.stellar-database.com/

Major Stars and Star Systems - Zoom Astronomy. (n.d.). Retrieved September 27, 2015, from http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/stars/majorstars.shtml

Aldebaran. (n.d.). Retrieved September 27, 2015, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldebaran