Alpha Centauri A

I chose this star because it is a part of the closest star system to Eath--just over four lightyears away. It is the brightest star in the southern constellation of Centaurus and it is the third brightest star in the sky. Much like Sirius and Polaris, it is a multistar system, consisting of Alpha Centauri A, B, and Proxima Centauri.  

Star: Alpha Centauri A

Chemical makeup: abundances of Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr and Fe

Location in space: Right ascension- 14 hr 39 min 36.5 sec
Declination- -60 degrees 50' 2.4"  
4.4 light years from Sun

Spectrum analysis of most abundant chemical (magnesium):

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium

Stellar classification: G2V yellow star 

Alpha Centauri A is the largest of the 3
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Centauri

Sources: 

100,000 Stars. (n.d.). Retrieved September 26, 2015, from http://stars.chromeexperiments.com/

Alpha Centauri A. (n.d.). Retrieved September 27, 2015, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Centauri 

ArXiv.org astro-ph arXiv:astro-ph/0407468. (n.d.). Retrieved September 27, 2015, from http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0407468 
What Are The Most Famous Stars? (2015, February 11). Retrieved September 27, 2015, from http://www.universetoday.com/45775/famous-stars/