Arcturus

I chose this star because it has been the focus of several different famous astronomers and it has also helped Polynesians in their navigation around the ocean. Greek astronomer Ptolemy first discovered this star, and French astronomer Jean-Baptiste Morin observed Arcturus for his studies as well. Polynesians would use this star to tell where they are in the ocean and what direction to go next. It is the fourth brightest star and is the main star in the constellation Bootes.

Star: Arcturus

Chemical makeup: carbon, nitrogen, oxygen

Location in space: Right ascension- 14 hr 15 min 39.7 sec
Declination- +19 degrees 10' 56"
36.71 light years from Sun

Spectrum analysis of most abundant chemical (carbon): 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon

Stellar classification: K0III giant orange star

 

http://astrobob.areavoices.com/2011/05/22/bootes-the-constellation-nobody-can-say-right/

Sources: 
100,000 Stars. (n.d.). Retrieved September 26, 2015, from http://stars.chromeexperiments.com/
Internet STELLAR DATABASE. (n.d.). Retrieved September 27, 2015, from http://www.stellar-database.com/

Major Stars and Star Systems - Zoom Astronomy. (n.d.). Retrieved September 27, 2015, from http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/stars/majorstars.shtml

Arcturus. (n.d.). Retrieved September 27, 2015, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcturus