Polaris

I chose this star because, known as the North Star, it is very close to the north celestial pole, which is why it has been used as a navigational tool in the northern hemisphere for centuries. This star is the alpha star in the constellation Ursa Minor (the Little Bear), and it is overall a widely famous star. 

It was originally logged by Ptolemy, a famous Greek astronomer.

Star: Polaris

Chemical makeup: highest abundance of iron, then nitrogen

Location in space: Right ascension- 2 hr 31 min 49.09 sec
Declination- +89 degrees 15' 50.8" 
431 light years from Sun

Spectrum analysis of most abundant chemical (iron):

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron

Stellar classification: F7 bright yellow supergiant


http://www.themcdonalds.net/richard/index.php?title=Finding_Polaris,_the_North_Star

Sources: 

100,000 Stars. (n.d.). Retrieved September 26, 2015, from http://stars.chromeexperiments.com/

Polaris, the nearest Cepheid in the Galaxy: Atmosphere parameters, reddening and. (n.d.). Retrieved September 27, 2015, from http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005MNRAS.362.1219U 

Polaris. (n.d.). Retrieved September 27, 2015, from http://www.glyphweb.com/esky/stars/polaris.html 
What Are The Most Famous Stars? (2015, February 11). Retrieved September 27, 2015, from http://www.universetoday.com/45775/famous-stars/