Procyon

I chose this star because it is one of the closest stars to Earth and is also the eighth brightest in the sky. The reason for it's visibility from Earth is not because of its luminosity, but its distance from our planet which I found interesting. This star is also known as the "Little Dog Star" and it is in the constellation Canis Minor.

Star: Procyon

Chemical makeup: high abundance of  Li, Be, B, Se, Te

Location in space: Right ascension- 7 hr 29 min 18.1 sec
Declination- +5 degrees 13' 29.95"
11.41 light years from Sun

Spectrum analysis of most abundant chemical (lithium): 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium

Stellar classification: F5 IV-V white giant

 

http://astrobob.areavoices.com/2010/01/24/tale-of-the-little-dog-and-his-teeny-tiny-companion/

Sources: 
100,000 Stars. (n.d.). Retrieved September 26, 2015, from http://stars.chromeexperiments.com/
What Are The Most Famous Stars? (2015, February 11). Retrieved September 27, 2015, from http://www.universetoday.com/45775/famous-stars/
Internet STELLAR DATABASE. (n.d.). Retrieved September 27, 2015, from http://www.stellar-database.com/                                                                                                                                 Procyon. (n.d.). Retrieved September 27, 2015, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procyon