Sirius

I chose this star because it is the brightest star in the night sky. It is also the most prominent star in Canis Major (Big Dog), and the name "Sirius" comes from the Ancient greek meaning that translates to "glowing" or "scorcher" since it is the brightest star. In ancient Egypt, it was seen as a signal that the flooding of the Nile was close at hand. For the Greeks, the rising of Sirius in the night sky was a sign of the "dog days of summer". To the Polynesians in the southern hemisphere, it marked the approach of winter and was an important star for navigation around the Pacific Ocean.

Star: Sirius

Chemical makeup: class A white dwarf stars are largely composed of hydrogen

Location in space: Right ascension- 6 hr 45 min 08.9 sec
Declination- -16 degrees 42' 58"
8.6 light years from Sun

Spectrum analysis of most abundant chemical (hydrogen):

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen

Stellar classification: A1V white dwarf


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius

Sources: 

100,000 Stars. (n.d.). Retrieved September 26, 2015, from http://stars.chromeexperiments.com/

Stars. (n.d.). Retrieved September 27, 2015, from http://www.astronoo.com/en/stars.html 

Sirius. (n.d.). Retrieved September 27, 2015, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius
What Are The Most Famous Stars? (2015, February 11). Retrieved September 27, 2015, from http://www.universetoday.com/45775/famous-stars/