Sun

I chose this body because it is the center of our solar system and essentially what gives humans life. Without the sun, we wouldn't be alive, so it is interesting to know what it truly is rather than just knowing it's there.

In ancient Roman culture, Sunday was the day of the Sun god. Scholars theorize that the Sun, as a Germanic goddess, may represent an extension of an earlier Proto-Indo-European Sun deity.

Star: Sol

Chemical makeup: highest abundance of hydrogen (73.46%) and also helium (24.85%)

Location in space: Right ascension- 19 hr 4 min 30 sec
Declination- +63.37 degrees 63' 52" 
lies close to the inner rim of the Milky Way's Orion Arm, in the Local Interstellar Cloud or the Gould Belt, at a distance of 7.5–8.5kpc (25,000–28,000 light-years) from the Galactic Center

shows location of sun in Milky Way
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun

Spectrum analysis of most abundant chemical (hydrogen):

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen

Stellar classification: G2V yellow dwarf


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun

Sources: 

100,000 Stars. (n.d.). Retrieved September 26, 2015, from http://stars.chromeexperiments.com/

Sun. (n.d.). Retrieved September 27, 2015, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun 

Particles. (n.d.). Retrieved September 27, 2015, from http://particlesoftheuniverse.com/atoms/hydrogen-ionization/